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During the early Republic, the Roman Senate:

1. During the early Republic, the Roman Senate:
A) was an advisory body which voted by century
B) was a lawmaking body.
C) had control over the finances and foreign policy.
D) none of the above.
2. Which of the following was not a contribution of the Romans to architecture?

A) The Doric column
B) The development of the arch
C) The great size of structures they could build
D) The advanced utilization of concrete
3. The Roman imperial policy toward the Christians in the first and second centuries can best be described as:
A) brutal and ruthless.

B) moderate and ambivalent.
C) disinterested and suspicious.
D) tolerant and open minded.
4. All of the following were consequences of Diocletian s economic reforms except:
A) currency reform.
B) increased social mobility.
C) the creation of serf labor.
D) rapidly rising inflation.
5. The reforms of Marius had a dramatic impact on Roman politics because they:
A) concentrated political authority in the hands of the tribunes.
B) gave every adult male the right to vote for senators and consuls.
C) made the armies loyal to their generals rather than Rome itself.
D) increased the autonomy of the conquered provinces.
6. After the fourth century C.E., the Roman Empire:

A) broke into prosperous northern and poor southern regions.
B) split into declining western and still flourishing eastern halves.
C) completely collapsed, allowing Arabs to dominate the entire Mediterranean region.
D) revived under a series of German speaking emperors.
7. Parthian religious policy is best described as:
A) indifference and agnosticism.
B) support for Buddhism and persecution of other religions.
C) support for Christianity and Judaism and suppression of other religions
D) support for Zoroastrianism but toleration of other religions.
8. In Roman history, the third century C.E. can best be described as a period of:
A) political chaos and weakness.
B) cultural stagnation.

C) new economic vitality.
D) military strenght and expansion.
9. The class of noble landowners who dominated Roman society and politics during the Republic were known as:
A) plebians.
B) questors.
C) patricians.
D) tribunes.
10. The first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity was:
A) Marcus Aurelius.
B) Constantine.
C) Diocletian.
D) Augustus.
11. The most important basis of Augustus s power was:
A) the aristocracy.
B) his great wealth.
C) the people of Rome.

D) the army.
12. The people who governed Rome at the outset of its history and strongly influenced its political and cultural practices were the:
A) Latins.
B) Celts.
C) Greeks.
D) Etruscans.
13. The Roman system in which one was provided physical and legal protection and economic support in exchange for military assistance, political support, and labor was called:
A) helotry.
B) surfdom.
C) clientage.
D) indentured servitude.
14. The years between the deaths of Augustus and Marcus Aurelius are known as the:

A) Classical Age.
B) Augustan Age.
C) Silver Age.
D) Golden Age.
15. Tiberius Gracchus sought to solve the problems facing the Roman republic through:
A) land reform.
B) extending Roman citizenship to recent immigrants.
C) strong defense against the Spanish tribes.
D) all of the above.
16. Which of the following was part of Sasanid aristocratic culture?
A) Iranian legendary history and courtly literature
B) Indian narrative literature and scientific works
C) Roman, Hellenistic, and Bactrian traditions
D) All of the above

17. Why did the Parthians rely more on Iranian traditions in religious and cultural affairs during the last century of their rule?
A) It was a reaction to the constant warfare with Rome and Kush.
B) ) It was decreed by the Parthian king.
C) They were hoping to convert Christians and Buddhists.
D) The Parthians had always been intolerant of foreign traditions.
18. Why was the capital moved to Constantinople by Constantine?
A) It could control trade into the Black Sea
B) It was easily defensible.
C) It could easily protect western and Danubian frontiers.the
D) All of the above
19. Paul of Tarsus played a major role in early Christianity because he:
A) converted Constantine to Christianity.

B) translated the Bible into Latin so Romans could read it.
C) spread the message of Jesus to non Jewish populations.
D) created the office of the pope.
20. How did Parthian rule lay the groundwork for the nationalistic emphasis of the Sasanid?
A) The Parthians were able to defeat the Romans and consolidate their empire.
B) The Parthian period was one of weakness and decline and failed to lay groundwork.
C) The Parthians disposed of the Greco Bactrian Kushan threat to the east.
D) The Parthians attempted to collect the oral Zoroastrian textual heritage.



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